Dye to use with virus challenge for testing barrier materials.

The Combined Use of rHVT-H5 and rHVT-F Vector Vaccines in the Hatchery Enhances Immunity against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 and Velogenic Newcastle Disease Viral Infections in Commercial Chickens

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and Newcastle disease viral infections cause severe illness in chickens and vaccination is a strategic tool of controlling these diseases. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of using both recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT-H5 and rHVT-F) vector vaccines at day-old, in the hatchery, under field conditions. Vaccinated chickens were...

Filtration sizes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and surrogate viruses used to test barrier materials.

Filters with well-defined holes were used to determine the effective diameters in buffer of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 1, and four bacteriophages (phi X174, T7, PRD1, and phi 6), which may serve as surrogate viruses for testing barrier materials. Bacteriophages phi 6 and PRD1 most closely model human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in filtration size.

The Effect of Thickness on Sealing Ability of Calcium Enriched Cement as a Coronal Seal Barrier

Abstract Introduction: Thickness of a coronal seal barrier is an important factor for preventing microleakage. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the sealing ability of two different thicknesses of calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement as a coronal seal barrier.   Methods: A total of 40 canals of extracted maxillary central incisors were instrumented and obturated using lateral compa...

Virus shedding after H9N2 strain challenge of SPF Chickens immunized by an experimental Nano-Adjuvant and commercial oil emulsion avian influenza (H9N2) vaccines

Abstract Background and Aims: Vaccination of poultry has a major impact on the prevention and control of avian influenza viruses. Nanobiotechnology techniques provide a new approach for improvement of influenza vaccine efficacy. In this study, efficacy of an inactivated nano-adjuvant vaccine developed based on an endemic H9N2 virus was evaluated in SPF chickens. Materials and Methods: I...

The Relative Levels of Neutralizing and Precipitating Antibodies Against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus and Their Correlation with Resistance to a Highly Virulent Challenge Strain